The Relationship Between Progesterone And Weight Gain (Or Loss)

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Progesterone is a vital sex hormone that plays an important role in women’s health. It is mainly produced in the ovaries but can also be produced in smaller amounts by the adrenal glands. I often talk with my patients about progesterone’s effects on weight gain and weight loss.

Progesterone’s responsibilities include preparing the lining of the uterus for pregnancy, regulating blood sugar and insulin resistance, and managing the menstrual cycle. However, abnormal progesterone levels can cause weight fluctuations for a variety of reasons. (1)

Keep reading below, where I reveal how you can lose weight with progesterone.

Take the next step in your health journey, and schedule a telehealth consultation today to learn more about how our functional medicine clinic can help you with your weight loss goals.

Does Progesterone Make You Gain Weight?

If your progesterone levels are too low or too high, you may experience weight gain. Particularly low levels of progesterone are associated with high body mass index (BMI). (2) The reasons are numerous and sometimes indirect.

Progesterone impacts your feelings of hunger, cravings, and fullness (satiety). If those feelings are dysregulated, your eating habits may lead to weight gain. (3, 4)

This hormone also regulates your metabolism. If you don’t have enough progesterone, your metabolism may slow down, burning fewer calories over longer periods of time.

Also, progesterone impacts weight through its interaction with estrogen. If either progesterone or estrogen levels are out of balance, there are myriad whole-body health consequences, including weight fluctuations.

How Estrogen And Progesterone Interact To Affect Weight

It is normal to fluctuate a few pounds up and down. Quick, dramatic, unexplained weight gain or weight loss is not normal. Extreme weight changes usually signal that something is wrong with your hormone levels, and the relationship between estrogen and progesterone is a likely culprit.

For one, sex hormones, such as estrogen and progesterone, impact how fat is distributed and stored in the body. (5)

READ NEXT: Why Belly Fat Is Less About Calories And More About Hormones

Progesterone also interacts with estrogen to maintain hormonal balance. Low progesterone may result in estrogen dominance, touting a long list of symptoms, including weight gain and potentially cancer. (6)

Estrogen promotes storing energy as fat in certain parts of your body, whereas progesterone supports the metabolism of stored fat so that you burn it as energy. Progesterone also acts as a natural diuretic, encouraging your body to expel excess water weight and reduce swelling.

Low progesterone often leads to weight gain because estrogen levels are allowed to increase out of balance. High progesterone levels may result in rapid weight gain or weight loss. This is the perfect example of the Goldilocks principle in action: “Not too high, not too low, but just right.”

Remember, your sex hormones typically fluctuate most around pregnancy, perimenopause, and menopause. If you’re experiencing any of these life events, talk to your doctor about maintaining healthy progesterone and estrogen levels.

How Do I Know If Progesterone Levels Are Causing My Weight Problems?

Changes in weight can happen with a variety of health problems, not just progesterone imbalance. It’s vital to recognize other symptoms happening in conjunction with weight fluctuations to really determine whether progesterone is causing your weight changes.

Symptoms Of Progesterone Weight Gain

Low progesterone levels can lead to stubborn weight gain and interfere with different parts of your systemic health, including mental and sexual health. If you have any of the following symptoms, low progesterone may be to blame:

  • Irregular periods
  • Abnormal PMS symptoms
  • Low libido
  • Hot flashes
  • Acne
  • Migraines
  • Frequent headaches
  • Mood swings
  • Anxiety, depression
  • Irritability
  • Trouble sleeping
  • Infertility

Check out my high-quality Brain-Adrenal Balancer supplement that supports both mental health and hormonal health, since they’re so inextricably linked!

Symptoms Of Weight Loss Due To Progesterone

Weight loss and weight gain are both signs of too much progesterone, but you can also experience the following:

  • Fatigue
  • Bloating
  • Water retention, swelling
  • Anxiety, depression
  • Low libido

In general, high progesterone levels are less common than low progesterone and are usually the result of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or birth control pills. Also, if you have polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), you may produce less progesterone but require more of it. (7, 8)

Can You Lose Weight While Taking Progesterone?

If low progesterone levels are contributing to high body weight, taking progesterone supplements may help reduce fat cells and overall weight.

However, consult your healthcare provider about testing before starting any new supplement. Doing HRT when your levels are normal can lead to hormonal imbalance, excess fat storage, and a slew of unsavory symptoms.

Read More: Common Types Of Hormone Imbalances

Testing Your Levels

Because your unique levels of progesterone strongly influence whether you need to take progesterone supplements for healthy weight management, testing your progesterone levels is the first step to knowing if you need additional progesterone.

A healthcare professional will start diagnosing you by establishing a comprehensive health history and asking about potential root causes of abnormal progesterone levels. An imbalance of progesterone can be caused by chronic stress, age, lack of ovulation, thyroid hormone problems, and nutrient deficiencies.

Blood, saliva, and urine labs can test progesterone levels. In functional medicine diagnostics, we prefer saliva testing. Testing your saliva provides a more precise picture of hormone levels over a longer period of time. It can also measure the ratio of progesterone to estrogen, which is important for overall hormone balance.

Blood tests can be useful to measure progesterone levels during a specific point in the menstrual cycle, while urine tests can measure overall hormone metabolites.

Progesterone levels fluctuate throughout menstruation, so testing at the appropriate time is crucial for accurate results. A functional medicine practitioner can help determine the best testing method and timing based on an individual's unique needs and symptoms.

LISTEN: Hormone Hacks + Menstrual Cycle Balance (Ask Me Anything)

Synthetic Vs. Bioidentical

I’m a functional doctor, so I have to mention the benefits of bioidentical hormones over synthetic hormones.

Man-made synthetic progesterone may not match the hormones in your body, while bioidentical progesterone sourced from nature should better meld with your current biochemistry, promoting whole-body wellness and reducing potential synthetic progesterone side effects.

Mainstream evidence is limited that the effects of progesterone are different when using synthetic versus bioidentical hormone therapy. But it stands to reason that supplementing deficient hormones with exogenous hormones that match what’s already in your body is preferable for a more natural approach to hormone health.

Tips For Supporting Hormone Health

Thankfully, there are ways to naturally promote healthy progesterone levels. While you may need more targeted support, you can easily implement these tips into your daily routine without a complete lifestyle overhaul.

1. Eat More Healthy Fats

Increase your dietary fat intake if you are struggling with losing weight. It might seem like the opposite of what you should do, right? But that couldn’t be further from the truth. Marketing fat as fattening is the greatest marketing stunt from the carb and sugar industry.

See, cholesterol is responsible for synthesizing pregnenolone for your body to produce progesterone. Recent studies have found that regular consumption of healthy fats can help increase progesterone levels and in turn, help put you on the path to a healthy weight. (9, 10)

2. Supplements

There are several dietary supplements that can support your journey to healthy progesterone levels, including:

3. Alleviate Stress

Chronic stress and high cortisol levels can disrupt the delicate balance of hormones in the body, including inhibiting progesterone production.

Incorporating stress reduction techniques such as meditation, yoga, going outside, and breathwork can help lower stress levels and support healthy hormone balance.

4. Daily Movement

Regular exercise has been shown to help regulate hormone levels, including progesterone, and offers a bunch of other overall well-being benefits.

If you are new to exercising regularly, I recommend starting off slow with 30 minutes of low-impact movement a day, like walking or yoga.

5. Get Adequate Sleep

Sleep is essential for your body’s hormone production. Aim to get 7-8 hours of uninterrupted sleep every night, which should improve your overall wellness and support healthy progesterone production.

READ NOW: The Top 10 Ways to Improve Your Sleep, According To A Functional Medicine Doctor 

Get A Reset

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My Metabolic Recharge Program includes tools and benefits such as live calls, recipes, exercise plans, group support, progress tracking and more. It’s perfect for those who:

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  1. Zhang, H., Qi, J., Wang, Y., Sun, J., Li, Z., Sui, L., ... & Kong, Y. (2020). Progesterone regulates glucose metabolism through glucose transporter 1 to promote endometrial receptivity. Frontiers in Physiology, 11, 543148.
  2. Whynott, R. M., Summers, K. M., Jakubiak, M., Van Voorhis, B. J., & Mejia, R. B. (2021). The effect of weight and body mass index on serum progesterone values and live birth rate in cryopreserved in vitro fertilization cycles. F&S Reports, 2(2), 195-200.
  3. Hamidovic, A., Soumare, F., Naveed, A., & Davis, J. (2023). Mid-Luteal Progesterone Is Inversely Associated with Premenstrual Food Cravings. Nutrients, 15(5), 1097.
  4. Rogan, M. M., & Black, K. E. (2023). Dietary energy intake across the menstrual cycle: a narrative review. Nutrition reviews, 81(7), 869-886.
  5. Frank, A. P., de Souza Santos, R., Palmer, B. F., & Clegg, D. J. (2019). Determinants of body fat distribution in humans may provide insight about obesity-related health risks. Journal of lipid research, 60(10), 1710-1719.
  6. Cable, J. K., & Grider, M. H. (2023). Physiology, Progesterone. StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
  7. Luan, Y. Y., Zhang, L., Peng, Y. Q., Li, Y. Y., Liu, R. X., & Yin, C. H. (2022). Immune regulation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Clinica chimica acta, 531, 265-272.
  8. Velija-Ašimi, Z. (2013). Evaluation of endocrine changes in women with the polycystic ovary syndrome during metformin treatment. Bosnian Journal of basic medical sciences, 13(3), 180.
  9. Rone, M. B., Fan, J., & Papadopoulos, V. (2009). Cholesterol transport in steroid biosynthesis: role of protein–protein interactions and implications in disease states. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids, 1791(7), 646-658.
  10. Mumford, S. L., Chavarro, J. E., Zhang, C., Perkins, N. J., Sjaarda, L. A., Pollack, A. Z., ... & Wactawski-Wende, J. (2016). Dietary fat intake and reproductive hormone concentrations and ovulation in regularly menstruating women. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 103(3), 868-877.
  11. Muneyyirci-Delale, O., Nacharaju, V. L., Dalloul, M., Altura, B. M., & Altura, B. T. (1999). Serum ionized magnesium and calcium in women after menopause: inverse relation of estrogen with ionized magnesium. Fertility and sterility, 71(5), 869-872.
  12. Abraham, G. E. (1983). Nutritional factors in the etiology of the premenstrual tension syndromes. The Journal of reproductive medicine, 28(7), 446-464.
  13. Henmi, H., Endo, T., Kitajima, Y., Manase, K., Hata, H., & Kudo, R. (2003). Effects of ascorbic acid supplementation on serum progesterone levels in patients with a luteal phase defect. Fertility and Sterility, 80(2), 459-461.
  14. van Die, M. D., Burger, H. G., Teede, H. J., & Bone, K. M. (2013). Vitex agnus-castus extracts for female reproductive disorders: a systematic review of clinical trials. Planta medica, 79(07), 562-575.

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BY DR. WILL COLE

Evidence-based reviewed article

Dr. Will Cole, DNM, IFMCP, DC is a leading functional medicine expert who consults people around the globe, starting one of the first functional medicine telehealth centers in the world. Named one of the top 50 functional and integrative doctors in the nation, Dr. Will Cole provides a functional medicine approach for thyroid issues, autoimmune conditions, hormonal imbalances, digestive disorders, and brain problems. He is also the host of the popular The Art of Being Well podcast and the New York Times bestselling author of Intuitive Fasting, Ketotarian, Gut Feelings, and The Inflammation Spectrum.

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